NIO介绍
引用自NIO介绍
简介
NIO时Java 1.4引入的新特性。是对原来的Standard IO的扩展。
Standard IO时对字节流的读写,在进行IO之前,首先创建一个流对象,流对象进行读写操作都是按字节,一个字节一个字节的读或写。而NIO把IO抽象成块,类似磁盘的读写,每次IO操作的单位都是一个块,块被读入内存之后就是一个byte[],NIO一次可以读或写多个字节。
组件
Selector
多路复用选择器,基于“事件驱动”,其核心就是通过Selector来轮询注册在其上的Channel,当发现某个或多个Channel处于就绪状态后,从阻塞状态返回就绪的Channel的SelectionKey集合,进行I/O操作。
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| Selector selector = Selector.open(); new Thread(new ReactorTask()).start();
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| ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
ssc.configureBlocking(false);
ServerSocket ss = ssc.socket(); ss.bind(new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getByName("ip"), port));
ssc.register(selector, SelectionKey,OP_ACCEPT);
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| while (true) { selector.select(); Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys(); Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selectionKeys.iterator(); while (it.hasNext()) { SelectionKey key = it.next(); if (key.isAcceptable()) { ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel(); SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept(); sc.configureBlocking(false); sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ); } if (key.isReadable()) { SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024); int readBytes = sc.read(readBuffer); if (readBytes > 0) { readBuffer.flip(); byte[] bytes = new byte[readBuffer.remaining()]; readBuffer.get(bytes); System.out.println(new String(bytes, "UTF-8")); } } } }
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Channel
Channel是NIO对IO抽象的一个新概念,NIO在进行IO时需要创建一个Channel对象,是双向的,不像Standard IO分为输入流和输出流。
Buffer
Buffer和Channel都是一起使用的,每次都是从一个Channel中读出一个Buffer或者把一个Buffer写入到一个Channel中。
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| SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024); int readBytes = sc.read(readBuffer); if (readBytes > 0) { readBuffer.flip(); byte[] bytes = new byte[readBuffer.remaining()]; readBuffer.get(bytes); System.out.println(new String(bytes, "UTF-8")); }
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Buffer有3个重要的属性
position 正整数,指向Buffer中下一个要读取或写入的字节位置
limit 正整数,指向Buffer中的某个位置,在IO时只读写下标小于limit的字节内容
capacity 正整数,Buffer所能容纳的最大字节数
0 <= position <= limit <= capacity
初始状态:
从Channel中读入5个字到ByteBuffer:
flip(),准备写入或输出:
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| public final Buffer flip() { limit = position; position = 0; mark = -1; return this; }
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输出内容后,position就移动到跟limit相同的位置上:
ByteBuffer如果要重复利用,需要清理,position和limit回到初始状态时的位置,然后可以接着中这个Buffer来读写数据,不需要再new新的Buffer:
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| public final Buffer clear() { position = 0; limit = capacity; mark = -1; return this; }
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Netty框架
优点
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| <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty</artifactId> <version>3.2.5.Final</version> </dependency>
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示例
接受客户端请求并将内容打印出来,同时发送一个消息收到回执。
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| public class NettyServer {
private static int HEADER_LENGTH = 4;
public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(Executors.newCachedThreadPool(), Executors.newCachedThreadPool()));
b.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {
public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipelines = Channels.pipeline(); pipelines.addLast(MessageHandler.class.getName(), new MessageHandler()); return pipelines; } }); b.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port)); }
static class MessageHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler {
public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception { ChannelBuffer buffer = (ChannelBuffer) e.getMessage(); String message = new String(buffer.readBytes(buffer.readableBytes()).array(), "UTF-8"); System.out.println("<服务端>收到内容=" + message);
byte[] body = "服务端已收到".getBytes(); byte[] header = ByteBuffer.allocate(HEADER_LENGTH).order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).putInt(body.length).array(); Channels.write(ctx.getChannel(), ChannelBuffers.wrappedBuffer(header, body)); System.out.println("<服务端>发送回执,time=" + System.currentTimeMillis());
} }
public static void main(String[] args) { try { new NettyServer().bind(1088); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
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向服务端发送一个请求,然后打印服务端响应的内容。
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| public class NettyClient {
private final ByteBuffer readHeader = ByteBuffer.allocate(4).order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN); private final ByteBuffer writeHeader = ByteBuffer.allocate(4).order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN); private SocketChannel channel;
public void sendMessage(byte[] body) throws Exception { channel = SocketChannel.open(); channel.socket().setSoTimeout(60000); channel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(AddressUtils.getHostIp(), 1088));
writeWithHeader(channel, body);
readHeader.clear(); read(channel, readHeader); int bodyLen = readHeader.getInt(0); ByteBuffer bodyBuf = ByteBuffer.allocate(bodyLen).order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN); read(channel, bodyBuf); System.out.println("<客户端>收到响应内容:" + new String(bodyBuf.array(), "UTF-8") + ",长度:" + bodyLen); }
private void writeWithHeader(SocketChannel channel, byte[] body) throws IOException { writeHeader.clear(); writeHeader.putInt(body.length); writeHeader.flip(); channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(body)); }
private void read(SocketChannel channel, ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException { while (buffer.hasRemaining()) { int r = channel.read(buffer); if (r == -1) { throw new IOException("end of stream when reading header"); } } }
public static void main(String[] args) { String body = "客户发的测试请求!"; try { new NettyClient().sendMessage(body.getBytes()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
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